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Mòideal:languages

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This module is used to retrieve and manage Wiktionary's various languages and the information associated with them. See {{enUicl|Languages]] for more information.

This module provides access to other modules. To access the information from within a template, see Mòideal:languages/templates.

The information itself is stored in the various data modules that are subpages of this module. They are listed in Roinn-seòrsa:Language data modules. These modules should not be used directly by any other module, the data should only be accessed through the functions provided by Mòideal:languages.

Finding and retrieving languages

The module exports a number of functions that are used to find languages.

getByCode

getByCode(code)

Finds the language whose code matches the one provided. If it exists, it returns a Language object representing the language. Otherwise, it returns nil.

getByCanonicalName

getByCanonicalName(name)

Finds the language whose canonical name (the name used to represent that language on Wiktionary) matches the one provided. If it exists, it returns a Language object representing the language. Otherwise, it returns nil. The canonical name of languages should always be unique (it is an error for two languages on Wiktionary to share the same canonical name), so this is guaranteed to give at most one result.

findByName

findByName(name, inexact)

This function is expensive

Finds languages which have the provided name among their list of possible names (including their canonical name). It returns a table containing Language objects for the languages found, or an empty table if none were found.

The inexact parameter can be given as true to perform a substring search of the name instead of an exact match. The result will then contain all languages that have the provided name as part of one of their possible names.

This function searches through the whole database of languages, and is therefore relatively resource-intensive. It should be used sparingly.

getAll

getAll()

This function is expensive

Returns a table containing Language objects for all languages, sorted by code.

This function searches through the whole database of languages, and is therefore relatively resource-intensive. It should be used sparingly.

Language objects

A Language object is returned from one of the functions above. It is a Lua representation of a language and the data associated with it. It has a number of methods that can be called on it, using the : syntax. For example: 

local m_languages = require("Mòideal:languages")
local lang = m_languages.getByCode("fr")
local name = lang:getCanonicalName()
-- "name" will now be "French"

Language:getCode

:getCode()

Returns the language code of the language. Example: "fr" for French.

Language:getCanonicalName

:getCanonicalName()

Returns the canonical name of the language. This is the name used to represent that language on Wiktionary, and is guaranteed to be unique to that language alone. Example: "French" for French.

Language:getAllNames

:getAllNames()

Returns a table of all names that the language is known by, including the canonical name. The names are not guaranteed to be unique, sometimes more than one language is known by the same name. Example: {"French", "Modern French"} for French.

Language:getType

:getType()

Returns the type of language, which can be "regular", "reconstructed" or "appendix-constructed".

Language:getWikimediaLanguages

:getWikimediaLanguages()

Returns a table containing WikimediaLanguage objects (see Mòideal:wikimedia languages), which represent languages and their codes as they are used in Wikimedia projects for interwiki linking and such. More than one object may be returned, as a single Wiktionary language may correspond to multiple Wikimedia languages. For example, Wiktionary's single code sh (Serbo-Croatian) maps to four Wikimedia codes: sh (Serbo-Croatian), bs (Bosnian), hr (Croatian) and sr (Serbian).

The code for the Wikimedia language is retrieved from the wikimedia_codes property in the data modules. If that property is not present, the code of the current language is used. If none of the available codes is actually a valid Wikimedia code, an empty table is returned.

Language:getScripts

:getScripts()

Returns a table of Script objects for all scripts that the language is written in. See Mòideal:scripts.

Language:getFamily

:getFamily()

Returns a Family object for the language family that the language belongs to. See Mòideal:families.

Language:getAncestors

:getAncestors()

Returns a table of Language objects for all languages that this language is directly descended from. Generally this is only a single language, but creoles, pidgins and mixed languages can have multiple ancestors.

Language:getCategoryName

:getCategoryName()

Returns the name of the main category of that language. Example: "French language" for French, whose category is at Roinn-seòrsa:French language.

Language:makeEntryName

:makeEntryName(term)

Converts the given term into the form used in the names of entries. This removes diacritical marks from the term if they are not considered part of the normal written form of the language, and which therefore are not permitted in page names. It also removes certain punctuation characters like final question marks or periods which are never present in page names. Example for Latin: "amō" → "amo" (macron is removed).

The replacements made by this function are defined by the entry_name setting for each language in the data modules.

Language:makeSortKey

:makeSortKey(term)

Creates a sort key for the given, following the rules appropriate for the language. This removes diacritical marks from the term if they are not considered significant for sorting, and may perform some other changes. Any initial hyphen is also removed, and anything parentheses is removed as well.

The replacements made by this function are defined by the sort_key setting for each language in the data modules.

Language:transliterate

:transliterate(text, sc, module_override)

Transliterates the text from the given script into the Latin script (see {{enUicl|Transliteration and romanization]]). The language must have the translit_module property for this to work; if it is not present, nil is returned.

The sc parameter is handled by the transliteration module, and how it is handled is specific to that module. Some transliteration modules may tolerate nil as the script, others require it to be one of the possible scripts that the module can transliterate, and will show an error if it's not one of them. For this reason, the sc parameter should always be provided when writing non-language-specific code.

The module_override parameter is used to override the default module that is used to provide the transliteration. This is useful in cases where you need to demonstrate a particular module in use, but there is no default module yet, or you want to demonstrate an alternative version of a transliteration module before making it official. It should not be used in real modules or templates, only for testing. All uses of this parameter are tracked by Teamplaid:tracking/module_override.

Language:getRawData

:getRawData()

This function is not for use in entries or other content pages.

Returns a blob of data about the language. The format of this blob is undocumented, and perhaps unstable; it's intended for things like the module's own unit-tests, which are "close friends" with the module and will be kept up-to-date as the format changes. 

local export = {}

local Language = {}


function Language:getCode()
	return self._code
end


function Language:getCanonicalName()
	return self._rawData.canonicalName
end


-- Commented out; I don't think anything uses this, the presence/absence of script errors should confirm
--function Language:getAllNames()
--	return self._rawData.names
--end


function Language:getOtherNames()
	return self._rawData.otherNames or {}
end


function Language:getType()
	return self._rawData.type
end


function Language:getWikimediaLanguages()
	if not self._wikimediaLanguageObjects then
		local m_wikimedia_languages = require("Mòideal:wikimedia languages")
		self._wikimediaLanguageObjects = {}
		local wikimedia_codes = self._rawData.wikimedia_codes or {self._code}
		
		for _, wlangcode in ipairs(wikimedia_codes) do
			table.insert(self._wikimediaLanguageObjects, m_wikimedia_languages.getByCode(wlangcode))
		end
	end
	
	return self._wikimediaLanguageObjects
end


function Language:getScripts()
	if not self._scriptObjects then
		local m_scripts = require("Mòideal:scripts")
		self._scriptObjects = {}
		
		for _, sc in ipairs(self._rawData.scripts) do
			table.insert(self._scriptObjects, m_scripts.getByCode(sc))
		end
	end
	
	return self._scriptObjects
end


function Language:getFamily()
	if not self._familyObject then
		self._familyObject = require("Mòideal:families").getByCode(self._rawData.family)
	end
	
	return self._familyObject
end


function Language:getAncestors()
	if not self._ancestorObjects then
		self._ancestorObjects = {}
		
		for _, ancestor in ipairs(self._rawData.ancestors or {}) do
			table.insert(self._ancestorObjects, export.getByCode(ancestor))
		end
	end
	
	return self._ancestorObjects
end


function Language:getAncestorChain()
	if not self._ancestorChain then
		self._ancestorChain = {}
		local step = #self:getAncestors() == 1 and self:getAncestors()[1] or nil
		
		while step do
			table.insert(self._ancestorChain, 1, step)
			step = #step:getAncestors() == 1 and step:getAncestors()[1] or nil
		end
	end
	
	return self._ancestorChain
end


function Language:getCategoryName()
	local name = self._rawData.canonicalName
	
	-- If the name already has "language" in it, don't add it.
	if name:find("[Ll]anguage$") then
		return name
	else
		return name .. " language"
	end
end


function Language:makeEntryName(text)
	text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "^[¿¡]", "")
	text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "[؟?!;՛՜ ՞ ՟？！।॥။၊་།]$", "")
	
	if self._rawData.entry_name then
		for i, from in ipairs(self._rawData.entry_name.from) do
			local to = self._rawData.entry_name.to[i] or ""
			text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, from, to)
		end
	end
	
	return text
end


function Language:makeSortKey(name)
	name = mw.ustring.lower(name)
	
	-- Remove initial hyphens and *
	name = mw.ustring.gsub(name, "^[-־ـ*]+(.)",
		"%1")
	-- Remove anything in parentheses, as long as they are either preceded or followed by something
	name = mw.ustring.gsub(name, "(.)%([^()]+%)", "%1")
	name = mw.ustring.gsub(name, "%([^()]+%)(.)", "%1")
	
	-- If there are language-specific rules to generate the key, use those
	if self._rawData.sort_key then
		for i, from in ipairs(self._rawData.sort_key.from) do
			local to = self._rawData.sort_key.to[i] or ""
			name = mw.ustring.gsub(name, from, to)
		end
	end
	
	return mw.ustring.upper(name)
end


function Language:transliterate(text, sc, module_override)
	if not ((module_override or self._rawData.translit_module) and text) then
		return nil
	end
	
	if module_override then
		require("Mòideal:debug").track("module_override")
	end
	
	return require("Mòideal:" .. (module_override or self._rawData.translit_module)).tr(text, self:getCode(), sc and sc:getCode() or nil)
end


function Language:toJSON()
	local entryNamePatterns = nil
	
	if self._rawData.entry_name then
		entryNamePatterns = {}
		
		for i, from in ipairs(self._rawData.entry_name.from) do
			local to = self._rawData.entry_name.to[i] or ""
			table.insert(entryNamePatterns, {from = from, to = to})
		end
	end
	
	local ret = {
		ancestors = self._rawData.ancestors,
		canonicalName = self:getCanonicalName(),
		categoryName = self:getCategoryName(),
		code = self._code,
		entryNamePatterns = entryNamePatterns,
		family = self._rawData.family,
		otherNames = self:getOtherNames(),
		scripts = self._rawData.scripts,
		type = self:getType(),
		wikimediaLanguages = self._rawData.wikimedia_codes,
		}
	
	return require("Mòideal:JSON").toJSON(ret)
end


-- Do NOT use this method!
-- All uses should be pre-approved on the talk page!
function Language:getRawData()
	return self._rawData
end

Language.__index = Language


local function getDataModuleName(code)
	if code:find("^[a-z][a-z]$") then
		return "languages/data2"
	elseif code:find("^[a-z][a-z][a-z]$") then
		local prefix = code:sub(1, 1)
		return "languages/data3/" .. prefix
	elseif code:find("^[a-z-]+$") then
		return "languages/datax"
	else
		return nil
	end
end


local function getRawLanguageData(code)
	local modulename = getDataModuleName(code)
	return modulename and mw.loadData("Mòideal:" .. modulename)[code] or nil
end


function export.makeObject(code, data)
	return data and setmetatable({ _rawData = data, _code = code }, Language) or nil
end


function export.getByCode(code)
	return export.makeObject(code, getRawLanguageData(code))
end


function export.getByCanonicalName(name)
	local code = mw.loadData("Mòideal:languages/by name")[name]
	
	if not code then
		return nil
	end
	
	return export.makeObject(code, getRawLanguageData(code))
end


function export.iterateAll()
	mw.incrementExpensiveFunctionCount()
	local m_data = mw.loadData("Mòideal:languages/alldata")
	local func, t, var = pairs(m_data)
	
	return function()
		local code, data = func(t, var)
		return export.makeObject(code, data)
	end
end

return export
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